Tuesday, September 3, 2019
Free College Admissions Essays: My Mother had Faith in Me :: College Admissions Essays
My Mother had Faith in Me  As a child, I never thought I would be the one who would graduate from high school. In grade school, I learned that I could do well, but I was afraid of going to a higher level. As a freshman in high school, I made a decision not to be a fool and drop out. Even though it crossed my mind to drop out, I stood tall and looked up to God. Now I have an overall of 3.567.  However, each goal that I strived for, I achieved because my mother always had faith in me. She believed I could do anything that I put my mind to . For eleven years, my mother was a single parent who raised me. My biological father died before I was born. She basically raised me all alone. My mother always bought me books as a child. Every night we read books like, 'Who am I,' and my favorite, 'Wacky Wednesday,' from beginning to end. Her dedication inspired me to be the person that I am striving for today. She always had a way of showing me her love and care by pushing me towards a successful life. Regardless of the circumstances, she was the one who helped me get to where I am today. This is why I'm determined to go even further in life.  In fact, today my career goals are not a problem I know that I can get the job done to the best of my ability by furthering my education. In the year 2005, I will be a junior high school math teacher. I will teach at a school that I attended as a child to help students learn. I will teach my students not only math, but values that will help them to be successful in life. As a teacher, or an accountant, I will also be an entrepreneur. I will help the people in the community where I grew up in and that's a promise. I know that I will achieve these goals. When I get my Bachelor and Master's degree, I will make sure that I will have something to show for it. Therefore, my career goals on my agenda will be accomplished through my success.  I have participated in various extra-curricular activities. I remember back in the 9th grade, when I tried out for the pom-pom team.
Monday, September 2, 2019
Holgraves challenges Essay examples -- essays research papers fc
Challenges and changes are a part of life. Many people, especially elderly who have set views can very easily resent changes and anything that can be seen as a challenge to their ideas and the tines they remember. Magic has always been part of life but sometimes the magic life takes on a maliciois spirit when manipulated by those who seek to bring about ruin. Society is built on traditions and revolutions to challenge others. These seemingly unconnected ideas come together in the character of Holgrave ans the plot of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The House of the Seven Gables. Holgrave works as a force of change and challenges conceptions through his profession as a daguerreotypist. But at the same time his ideas ans actions are based on his identy os a Maule, a family, which meet its downfall by the work of a Pyncheon in Puritan days of settlement. Holgrave affects changes in the novel and works to help others see the truth of the sitution. Holgrave himself and his views on th e past are changed by his actions in marrying a Pyncheon.      Hepzibah is scarred by the chllenges to her own conventionally and sees what holgrave stands for as a threat to her ideas but he does not frighteen her. She had orginally seen him as a â€Å"well-meaning and ordwely young man†(Hawthorne 63). This orginal assesment, based on his appearance, is what caused Hepzibah to grant him permission to take out a room. But as time went on â€Å"she hardly knew what to make of him†(63). She observed that his friends all desired new ideas , particularly those of dress. Hepzibah also tells Pheobe that he challenged many ideas in a speech that he had made annd that she believes hinm to be involved as a practioner of the black arts. Pheobe becoms very frightened and inquires as to why Hepzibah allows such a â€Å"lawlwss person†(63) to stay and Hepzibah’s response is â€Å"†¦ he has a law of his own†(63). Even with all these conserns Hepzibah has about holgrave she â€Å"has to admit fro m her own contact with him that even by her formal standardshe is a quiet and orderly young man†(Matthiessen 371). So even though she voices all her suspicions about holgrave’s morality to Pheobe, Hepizbah, in the end, still believes in the truth of her orginal feelings about Holgrave. Not only her acceptance od Holgrave but her dependence on him as shown in the chapter entitled â€Å"The First Custemer†. She... ...;      Hawthorne. Ed. Bruce Leone. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. 132-138 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The House of the Seven Gables. New York: Banntam Books, 1981. Marks, Alfred. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Daguerrotypist: Scientist, Artist, Reformer†. The House of the Seven      Gables: An Authorative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Essays in Critism. Ed. Seymore L.           Gross. New York, Norton and Company, inc, 1967 330-350 Matthiesses, F. O. â€Å"the House of the Seven Gables American History†The House of the Seven Gables:          An Authoritive Text, Backgrounds, and Sources, Essays in Criticism. Ed. Seymore L. Gross.           New York, Norton and Company, inc, 1967. 364-375 Von Abele, Roudolph. â€Å"holgrave’s Curious Conversion†. The House of the Seven Gables: An          Authoritative Text , Backgrounds And Sources, Essays in Criticism. Ed. Seymore L. Gross. New      York, Norton and Company, inc, 1967. 394-403.
The Fourth Crusade Essay -- History, The Crusades
The Fourth Crusade Is karma the reason for the slow but evident sinking of Venice into the Mediterranean? Maybe it is indemnity for the cruel selfish acts of Venice during the Fourth Crusade. The Venetians along with crusaders robbed Constantinople for personal gains. The Fourth Crusade should be an example that it is crude and unjust to attack fellow men for no reason. The Crusades were a series of battles and short wars against the Muslims. In the eleventh century Jerusalem had been taken over by the Turks. This sparked the Crusades the Crusades ended up lasting 200 years. The third crusade was deemed unsuccessful because Jerusalem was still in Muslim hands. In 1198, Pope Innocent issued the need for a Fourth Crusade. Excitement was stirred up by Priest Faulk of Neuilly after he preached at a knight tournament (Williams 103). In other areas the recruitment work "was done on tours by major prelates, preaching sermons designed to move their listeners to take the cross" (103). At the time Egypt was the center of Muslim power so Egypt was the intended target. Unknown to crusaders, ambassadors of the Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo were in Egypt negotiating with the sultan and assuring the sultan that Egypt would not be attacked (Williams 104). Dandolo wanted to attack Constantinople. The leader of the crusaders Count Boniface agreed with Dandolo. In Venice, Dandolo agreed to supply enough ships for 33,500 men and 4,500 horses as well as an extra 50 armed galleys (Williams 104). By the intended departure date their were only 10,000 men ready to leave (Robinson). Later, 30,000 men arrived but a new problem arose. The men only had 51,000 marks when the price was set at 85,000 for the ships. Dandolo agreed to suspend the debt if... ...new throne and Catholicism was the new state religion (Cooke). Although, "the advantages that had been gained by the Fourth Crusade vanished, as water vanishes on a hot stone" (Williams 116). What looked like a simple attack on Egypt changed into a destruction of the greatest city on earth. It was done out of greed and done by selfish people. Everyone in the hierarchy was involved up to the pope who saw his treasury rise from the gold of Constantinople. Dandolo was a good strategist but a crude man. Today many people still resent him and one scholar was asked if he knew the location of Dandolo's grave and he replied "Yes, I go there and spit on it" (Cooke). Venice gained new heights in wealth but did it come at a price. Venice is sinking into the Mediterranean. Maybe it is karma and hopefully this was a lesson that it is unjust to attack fellow men for greed.
Holidays narrative
Holidays 6 AM in the morning, the airport as always a little bit noisy,some people with their handbags, others with suits talking over the phone, and don't forget about the families, where all the kids are running around the walling chairs, and their tired mothers trying to shut them down, and also each time there Is another boy or girl Like me, alone watching the other people, guessing how their life are, making stories in our heads, prejudging people who are around us because we have nothing more fun to do, that's why I hate waiting, but as always my punctual mother, Elizabeth, is ailing me 3 hours before, for me to wake up and be 2 hours before the plane lands off here in the airport waiting to board the plane. In these time of the year she is always exited for all of us (my sister, my parents, and me)being back together for the long weekend in my old house in Huston, Texas, at Highland Walla, science I remember she is always like that, she didn't study anything, she decide to be a housewife, she always makes sure that the house is sparkling that everything Is In order. Her hobby Is to get Into courses, but that pips off my dad, Atoms, he thinks that eating Into curses only serves to spend money.He Is a blueness man, he Is always at work, and he expects a lot from me and my sister, he sent us to the private SST. John's school, but that didn't worked out for my sister, Kate, she Is two years younger than me. When I finish school At SST. Johns, I when directly with a scholarship to GAG Medical School of Seattle, but an year ago when I came back home, to Texas for my sisters graduation, although she had one of the best averages in her class, she told us that she wasn't going to study, that she wanted to travel around the world, so she SE the money that my parents gave to her for her graduation gift for a tike to Europe! Can you believe it? Imagine the reaction of my father, so since then I'm the favorite son.Speakers: – a lady voice came out- â€Å"all the ones of the flight AAA, start birding the plane, repeat the ones of the flight AAA start boarding the plane†so I grab my things, stand up and, start doing the boarding line, was the last one, In front of me, In the line, there was a skinny girl, around of 28 years, all can see Is her back, she has short black hair, a long black dress that has two straps, and I think that s made of silk, but suddenly the woman that was asking for the tickets, asked her, and she start looking for the flight ticket in a desperate way,an she didn't find it, so she turned around, her big blue eyes start watching directly at me, and she says: – you look like an honest man. Could you please take these, and take it to the McLean Village, street 3128 Monterey Rd- an after I an respond she hang to me a red vessel, and go away and she shout: – REMEMBER! McLean Village, street 3128 Monterey Rd – and so I sit on the plane and I put the vessel on the seat next to mine that was empt y. I put the belt belt, close my eyes†¦ And we land off.After a few hours, we arrive I almost forgot, the vessel, I was waiting to see my family that they were picking me up the airport, and there they were, in the car meanwhile we catch-up, it's been a long time since Eve been here, Kate didn't stop talking about how her twenty the tree to Africa went, she told us that she has a Job as a photographer, and I can say Im very proud of her, she is a happening girl. We arrive home, there was a smell of food, I'm share soft bed pillows an Jump ‘to bed, mom†¦ Owe I miss this bed, so soft and with such a good smell y open my eyes an watch all my posters hanging there and for a moment I thought that I was a teenager again, being the popular one, making laugh at girls, I used to had so much fun here!After a nap, dinner was ready, we ate in family we make a little of Jockeys, my sister and me help my mother washing the dishes, and then I went upstairs so I'd start unpacking my bag and then I saw the vessel, so I took it and I get into my mother's car, I drone to McLean village, I know that place I used to nag out there when I was a kid is a rich neighborhood, all the road was covers with trees, and all the leaves were at the street because of the fall, so then I found it street 3128 Monterey Rd, there was a really big white house, a typical house from the upper class, so I pres De ring bell, an there a housekeeper open De door and then a girl, Just of my same age, she was blonde skinny and was dressed with a white shirt, a tight jeans, and high heels, and when I looked at her face she has the same blue eyes that the girl in the airport, and then I recognized that face, we went to the same school, he was always sitting at the front, but the last two years of school she disappear, Oh how was her name.. Mike†¦ Amyl†¦. Mile†¦ Yes!Mile Whitehorse, so when I sakes her if she was Mile she also remembered me, so she makes me pass in and she lead m e to De backyard where there in an immense lake and some armchairs, so we sat there and started talking, she told me that the last two years of school she went to Paris to live with her mother and sister, the one of the airport, and then after a while, I remember the vessel, that, that's the reason that I'm there so I give et vessel to her ND she starts to laugh, and she says: – how dramatic my sister is, in a vessel really, she put the ashes of our dead dog in a vessel! – And she keeps laughing louder and says: – Oh my god and you carry these the hole time! – and so we both start laughing and there we were liking and laughing all the afternoon. After that we stayed the hole holidays together, since then we are best friends, keeping contact although she lives in new York and I am finishing my career of surgeon I think I'm going to new York†¦
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis done on Harley Davidson Essay
Harley Davidson remains as a dominant force in the heavy weight motorcycle industry; upholding 50% share in the heavy weight motorcycles. This year they celebrate their 110th Anniversary proudly as the only major motorcycle manufacturer to completely focus on motorcycles. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) Other major players in the Motorcycle Industry are, Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki that also have their other major product lines inclusive of cars, watercraft, musical equipment and etc. Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses of Current and Potential Competitors Porters Five Forces Analysis Source: Vector (2012) Internal Rivalry The heavyweight motorcycle market is justly concentrated with four major companies manufacturing these vehicles. Harley Davidson being one of the most experienced within the industry, Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha are the competitors that are all from Japan. Over the past few years many market for heavyweight motorcycles has increased annually, but experts are predicting even though the market is growing it will slow down in the years to come. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) The Competitive challenge is high in motorcycle industry. Most of the time motorbikes are counted as a luxury product and pricing the products can be complex. (Oxbridge Writers, 2012) Harley Davidson offers spare parts, extended warranties, and innovative and environmental friendly motorbikes for their customers, this singularizes them from their competitors. Japan’s companies have marked their success by establishing a strong competitive place in the market using cheap prices as their strategy. This affects customers perception on Harley Davidson’s place in the market and their prices. However, those having a predominant place in this sport do have conflicting interests, i. e. Yamaha and Honda have diversified into musical instrument and other motor vehicles. . (Oxbridge Writers, 2012) This results Harley-Davidson in differentiating themselves as a loyal, specialized Motorbike Company and getting more customers. Harley Davidson has traditionally been the prevailing competitor in this market with taking over 50% of the market share. With time it has fallen to below 50 % due to other companies expanding their heavyweight motorcycle production and growing in the market, focusing on American Consumers. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) This is because other products from competitors are becoming less distinguished and is similar to Harley Davidson Products. Recalling, back to the past it was easier to acknowledge Harley Davidson motorbikes for their unique style, but currently Japanese Manufacturers are merging popular designs to their products. As a result motorbikes from manufacturers are becoming more similar over time. This forces Harley-Davidson to focus more on their branding to maintain the customers. This can be an advantage to them, since Harley is known internationally for their brand, many people would prefer a Harley over a Honda or Suzuki. But can also be a downfall since Japanese companies has been improving their products with time. Threat of New Entrants This industry has a very high entry barrier, as it requires high capital to enter to the market. Similar to most manufacturing industries there are significant economies involved in building motorbikes. (NCCU, 2012) The manufacturing price of a similar product is extremely high in this industry even for a small scale. This is basically one of the main reasons there are only four major players in the industry. There are some small-scale motorcycle creators whose business s fully focused on reputation and appeal to motorcycle devotees, to build utterly customized bikes. They do not produce enough motorbikes to threaten the major players in the industry. They do not affect the position of Harley Davidson in the market but can be an added advantage since it increases interest of motorbikes in the public. Threat of Substitutes and Complements Heavyweight motorcycles are a luxury item for the majority of consumers, so there are very less similar substitutes for heavyweight motorbikes that could seriously affect the market and consumers. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway, 2006) The Japanese manufacturers focus their designs more on smaller, quicker motorbikes that is the closest substitute followed by cars and scooters. Heavyweight bikes portray a certain persona, which is a part of the buyer’s influences on choosing a motorbike. Smaller bikes are for different riding styles and purposes. They are designed for a different seating position unlike the heavyweight motorbikes. Passenger cars can be a substitute for heavyweight motorbikes but it is a weak substitute. (NCCU, 2012) Motorbike consumers rarely purchase Harley’s to fulfill transportation wants. Harley Davidson bikes are more of a luxury item than a necessity to travel. Motorbikes maybe easy to travel in heavy traffic and consume less gasoline compared to a car. If a consumer choses a motorbike for the above mentioned reasons, it would be more reasonable to buy a lighter motorbike, which would be easier to handle and fuel efficient than a heavyweight motorcycle. The most profound complement for a heavyweight motorbike is gasoline/petrol. If fuel prices were higher consumers would not consider purchasing a heavyweight bike, because most journeys taken by the bike on such a bike is highly discretionary and will be used for pleasure rather than for transport necessities. Nevertheless, most of the heavyweight bike consumers are willing to pay between $8000 and $30,000 for this luxury vehicle, they would not mind paying just a little extra for fuel. Bargaining Power of Suppliers According to Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway (2006), â€Å"Harley Davidson operates nearly every stage of the production of a motorcycle, taking raw materials such as steel and basic electrical components and shipping completed motorcycles to its extensive independent dealership network. Because there are many suppliers of all inputs that Harley Davidson requires for its manufacturing operations there is very little that any single supplier can do the exact rents from Harley. †This phrase proves that even if one supplier tries to escalate its profits/prices it would not be much of a deal for Harley to switch suppliers without interruption in production. â€Å"Preferred suppliers†approach reduced the number of suppliers Harley Davidson worked with and improved the quality of the suppliers as well; these long-term contracts and relationship protected Harley Davidson from supplier price increase. (NCCU, 2012) This also grew trust between the suppliers and Harley and their suppliers gained more profit as Harley improved their business. Bargaining Power of Consumers Similar to the Suppliers, Harley Davidson’s customers are of large population of individual consumers, making it difficult to badly affect Harley Davidson’s financial situation by refusing to corporate. (Melief, Bundgaard & Hathaway 2006) Even though Harley’s dealerships are individually owned and operated the companies’ customers are officially their licensed dealers. But the sheer number of dealers that Harley has all over the world makes situation for dealers not much better than individual riders. Harley needs their customers to buy the product in order to gain profit; since Harley is aging they also need to gain more new loyal riders. Each Harley Davidson purchase is by an individual; even though one person would not drastically affect the financial earnings of the company it is essential to sell the individual experience to each customer to reach more Markets and combine these sales to improve financial strength. (NCCU, 2012)
Sunday, September 1, 2019
Professional Roles and Values Essay
Regulatory agencies, such as a state board of nursing, are government agencies that regulate nursing practice. They act to ensure nurses are competent in their practice and that standards of practice are met. These agencies examine nursing education programs, and are the ones who approve and accredit them. The agencies are responsible for granting licensure for nursing professionals and oversee the licensure exams. Their role also includes interpreting the state nurse practice acts and developing rules, regulations, and policies. When nurses do not follow those rules, regulations, and polices, or demonstrate unsafe behavior, the agencies are responsible for determining appropriate disciplinary actions against the nurse. Professional nursing organizations are non-regulatory groups that help nurses further their development through education and networking. These groups are great for sharing ideas, technological advances, and trends. Often, there are fees to join the organization. Once a member, nurses usually are given a discount on literature and other educational courses. These organizations act as nursing advocates, and are often involved in advocating for new legislation to improve the nursing practice. There are a wide range of associations. One example would be the Ohio Council for Home Care and Hospice (OCHCH). The OCHCH is a major source of support to home care agencies in Ohio by advocating for improvements in laws affecting home health, helping to interpret those laws for it’s members, and offering a large array of educational classes. In my professional practice, I deal with the state board of nursing to keep up with licensure of our home health staff. I deal with the OCHCH on a daily basis to stay informed of new regulation, and current educational opportunities for myself and our staff. The Code of Ethics for nursing is put out by the regulatory organizations, such as the state boards, and are also usually found on the website of various professional organizations, such as the ANA. In the Code of Ethics, Provision 4 states â€Å"The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurses obligation to provide optimum patient care†(American Nurses Association, 2001). This statement from the code of ethics greatly influences my individual nursing practice, as well as my original decision to become a nurse. My father was diagnosed with multiple myeloma when I was 19. At that time I was in college studying mechanical engineering. Dad had many hospital visits over the next few years. I was amazed at the differences in the nurses, and their effect on his hospital experience. Some were excellent. They took care of his needs, both physically and emotionally. Others, did not. During one hospital stay, he was suffering a great deal from pain. Despite multiple requests for pain medication, one nurse chose to sit at the nurses station and talk with co-workers about their upcoming Christmas party instead of bringing him his pain medication. It was at that moment that I decided to go into nursing as a profession. I had seen first hand what a difference a good nurse can make in a patient’s life, as well as a not-so-good one. I wanted to be one of the good ones. If I could make a difference in even one patient’s life, it would be well worth it. Many years later, I still hold myself accountable for my own nursing practice, and delegate appropriately when needed, in order to take optimal care of my patient’s needs. I treat my patients the way I would want my dad to be treated if he was still alive. Provision 2 states â€Å"The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or commun ity†(American Nurses Association, 2001). This is important in any area of nursing. I work in home health, and I feel this is especially true with my patients. As a home health nurse, I am one of many nurses who are the eyes and ears of physicians in the home setting. I feel it’s important to see a patient in their home environment in order to assess family and cultural influences that might have an impact on the patient’s outcome. We can then develop and individualized care plan and work with the physician to help meet their needs. At times, I have found issues in the home and met resistance when talking with the doctor to get new orders. It’s important to advocate for the patient in those situations and clearly communicate the patient’s needs to the physician. There are 4 traits, or characteristics, within the Code of Ethics that I am going to discuss. The first is collaboration. I work in home health, and collaborate on a daily basis with other members of the interdisciplinary team. As a case manager, I am constantly in contact with the nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, social workers, and physicians to make sure all of the patient’s needs are being met. Often, at the time of initial patient assessment, only nursing is ordered for the patient. If I see that the patient is a fall risk, is having trouble bathing and dressing, has trouble with swallowing or cognition, is depressed, or needs financial assistance, it is my responsibility to call the doctor and get orders to get other disciplines involved. Once they are involved, we work together, along with the patient and family, to come up with a care plan that is individualized for that patient. Throughout the patient’s course of care, we work together to make sure goals are being met. If not, we look at how we need to adjust the care plan in order to meet those goals. Confidentiality is another trait found in the code of ethics. When working with an interdisciplinary team, it’s important to work on a need to know basis. For example, the speech therapist doesn’t need to know about the patient’s financial issues unless it would relate to the patient’s need to buy thickener for their food. The social worker, on the other hand, would need to know about the patient’s financial situation, in detail, in order to help the patient get set up with financial assistance in the community. Privacy is another trait that our multidisciplinary team deals with. In home care, it’s hard for the patients and families to allow others into their home, without feeling like their privacy is being invaded. It’s important to, as a team, build up trust with the patients. The various disciplines work together to coordinate our schedules to best fit the patient/family in order to help maintain that privacy. For example, rather than all scheduling a visit on the same day, we stagger our vis its throughout the week in order to minimize our time in the home each day. This actually helps with patient outcomes as well, because there is a skilled clinician in the home on most days that can keep their eyes and ears on the patient. Integrity is the last trait I will talk about. It’s important for me in home care to maintain moral integrity. It would be easy to falsify records, such as my time in and time out of a patient’s home. I feel moral integrity is important, whether practicing nursing, or in my every day life. I strive every day to uphold it. There have been many wonderful nursing theories over the years. One that I practice every day is Dorthea Orem’s self-care deficit model. Typically, a patient needs home care when they have suffered a debilitating accident or illness. As a nurse, it’s my job to find out what their self care deficits are, whether they be functional, cognitive, etc. I then work to individualize a care plan that includes therapy, disease process education, etc., that will help them get back to their previous level of functioning if possible. If they aren’t able to return to their previous level of functioning, it’s my job to help them adapt to their current level of functioning in order to care for themselves, and prevent further decline. I feel that Jean Watson, who developed the theory of human caring, has had a big impact on my nursing practice. I think everyone, sick or not, wants to feel cared for. I try, as a nurse, to create an environment of caring for each patient I see. I feel it’s important to do this to provide an atmosphere for optimal healing. It can be difficult at times, especially in the home environment when there are other family members involved. Most families are very supportive, but at times there are difficult family members who cause undue stress for the patient. This is when it’s my job to act as a patient advocate, and help those family members cope in a way that is healthy for the patient and caregivers. It is important as a nurse to abide by certain principles. Two of those principles are nonmaleficence and respect for autonomy. I opened a patient’s case for home care recently and found Coumadin, Aspirin, and Plavix listed on his discharge medication list from the hospital. I was concerned with this, but especially when I found him to be a high fall risk. I called the physician and confirmed that there had been a mistake on his discharge instructions. He was new to Coumadin, and the Aspirin and Plavix were supposed to have been discontinued. This is an example of nonmaleficence. My goal was to protect the patient from harm. The same patient was released from the hospital with an acute COPD exacerbation. Once home, he continued to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day while on oxygen. I explained the disease process of COPD in a way he could understand, including why he should stop smoking. I also explained to him the risks of smoking while on oxygen. He chose to keep smoking. This is an example of respect for autonomy. It is our job as nurses to explain risks to them in a way they can understand. We have to respect their decisions at that point, whether we agree with them or not. References American Nurses Association (2011). Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements. Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Cherry, Jacob. (2011). Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management [VitalSouce bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/978-0-323-06953-3/id/B9780323069533100054_f0015
Analysis of the Feasibility of Cultural Relativity, Ethical Subjectivism
The cultural relativity argument is based upon the following premises. (1) Societies differ in their standards of rationality on both empirical and normative aspects. (2) What counts as an empirical fact and a social fact and the bases by which societies were able to judge them as such are said to vary across societies. (3) Rationality is deeply intertwined with our cognition of the world. (4) Facts do not go beyond our capacity to know.Such assumptions lead to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a common body of social fact that corresponds to a shared human standard of cognition. If such is the case, it therefore follows that there are several bodies of fact each relative to the standards valid to the society in question. In relation to this James Rachel contends that a minimum conception of rationality requires that â€Å"we try to guide our conduct by reason while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual†(qtd in McNiven 131).The possibility of suc h is evident if one considers that (1) moral judgments must be based upon good reasons and (2) morality requires â€Å"the impartial consideration of each individual’s interests†(McNiven 131). If such is the case, it thereby follows that since a relativistic world view is based upon a conception of relative standards for the validation of social views hence a relativistic framework assumes that the different conceptions of morality [since these must necessarily be based upon the structural framework of a culture].If such is the case, such a perspective thereby fails to adhere to the second provision of a minimal conception of reality, which gives credence on the aspect of impartiality. It follows from this that cultural relativism thereby fails to meet the standards of a minimum conception of morality.2. During the last twenty years or so, a number of ethicists have found some value in ethical subjectivism, despite its flaws. How might some of its assumptions be helpf ul in making moral decisions?Ethical subjectivism is based on the assumptions that (1) there are no valid grounds to support the notion of the existence of objective moral truths and (2) moral conceptions of right and wrong are relative in nature (Mills and Polanowski 134). In a sense, ethical subjectivism may thereby be seen as enabling the renunciation of moral absolutism, which is based on the assumption that reason stands as the grounds for he formation of moral judgments.David Hume contends that such a perspective fails to account for the influence of desire in the formation of moral judgment. In relation to this, Mills and Polanowski contend that such an assumption shows the manner in which â€Å"moral ideals achieve their reality only within consciousness as the subjective product of moral valuation†(137). The importance of such is evident if one considers instances wherein rationality decrees the elimination of life whereas subjective morality opts for enabling the c ontinuance of life [e.g. cases of euthanasia].3. Gregory Pence claims the arguments against SCNT are weak. Do you agree? Why or why not?Gregory Pence claims that creating an embryo through the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is deemed as problematic due to the possible harm that it may cause. Such possible harms range from those considered as enabling â€Å"harms to society or the institutions of the family†(Pence 77). The main concern however lies in its effects upon the child [physical harm as a product of birth defect and psychological harm], which is a product of the aforementioned method.At the onset, it is important to note that such harms are based upon preconceived and invalidated conceptions of possible outcomes in the future. In a sense, they may be considered as somewhat fictitious projections of possible occurrences as a result of a particular methodology that has resemblance to other methodologies that enabled or caused physical or psychological harm upon an entity. Pence, thereby argues that he failure of the aforementioned criticism may be traced to their assumption of either of the similarity of SCNT to other methodologies [e.g. cloning] which has led to the harm of entities or to the assumption that such a process will scar a child. Such assumptions [against SCNY], however, as I reckon fails to consider Pence’s arguments.Works CitedMacNiven, Don. Creative Morality. London: Routledge, 1993.Mills, Jon and Janusz Polanowski. The Ontology of Prejudice. U.S.A.: Rodopi, 1997.Pence, Gregory. Brave New Bioethics. London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002.
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