Origin of Miranda Rights and Warning

Origin of Miranda Rights and Warning Ernesto Arturo Miranda was drifter and a career criminal who from age 12 was in and out of reform schools and state and federal prisons for various crimes including auto theft and burglary and sex offenses. On March 13, 1963, at age 22, Miranda was picked up for questioning by the Phoenix police after the brother of a kidnap and rape victim saw Miranda in a truck with plates that matched the description that his sister had provided. Miranda was placed in a lineup and after the police indicated to him that he had been positively identified by the victim, Miranda verbally confessed to the crime. That's the Girl He was then taken to the victim to see if his voice matched the voice of the rapist. With the victim present, the police asked Miranda if she was the victim, to which he answered, Thats the girl. After Miranda said the short sentence, the victim identified his voice as being the same as the rapist. Next, Miranda was brought to a room where he recorded his confession in writing on forms with preprinted terms that read, †¦this statement has been made voluntarily and of my own free will, with no threats, coercion or promises of immunity and with full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make can and will be used against me.   However, at no time had Miranda been told that he had the right to remain silent or that he had the right to have an attorney present. His court assigned attorney, 73-year-old Alvin Moore, tried to get the signed confessions thrown out as evidence, but was unsuccessful. Miranda was found guilty of kidnapping and rape and was sentenced up to 30 years in prison. Moore tried to get the conviction overturned by the Arizona Supreme Court, but failed. U.S. Supreme Court In 1965, Mirandas case, along with three other cases with similar issues, went before the U.S. Supreme Court. Working pro bono, attorneys John J. Flynn and John P. Frank of the Phoenix law firm Lewis Roca, submitted the argument that Mirandas Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights had been violated. Flynns argument was that based on Miranda being emotionally disturbed at the time of his arrest and that with a limited education, he would not have knowledge of his Fifth Amendment right to not incriminate himself and that he was also not informed that he had the right to an attorney. In 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed, and in a landmark ruling in the case of Miranda v. Arizona that established that a suspect has the right to remain silent and that prosecutors may not use statements made by defendants while in police custody unless the police have advised them of their rights. Miranda Warning The case changed the way police handle those arrested for crimes. Before questioning any suspect who has been arrested, police now give the suspect his Miranda rights or read them the Miranda warning. The following is the common Miranda warning used by most law enforcement agencies in the United States today: You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney and to have an attorney present during any questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you at government expense. Conviction Overturned When the  Supreme Court  made its landmark Miranda ruling in 1966, Ernesto Mirandas conviction was overturned. Prosecutors later retried the case, using evidence other than his confession, and he was convicted again and sentenced to 20 to 30 years. Miranda served 11 years of the sentence and was paroled in 1972. When he was out of prison he began selling Miranda cards that contained his signed autograph. He was arrested on minor driving offenses a few times and on gun possession, which was a violation of his parole. He returned to prison for another year and was again released in January 1976. Ironic End for Miranda On January 31, 1976, and just weeks after his release from prison, Ernesto Miranda, age 34, was stabbed and killed in a bar fight in Phoenix. A suspect was arrested in Mirandas stabbing, but exercised his right to remain silent. He was released without being charged.

Free Essays on Comparason Of Art from 1600 AD

Comparison of the 3 Great Works of Art from 1600 AD The period 1600AD saw the emergence of a new art style, the Baroque, which became as one of the greatest style in art history. It focuses on more realistic and emotionally charged themes and a good alternative to earlier mannerism style which uses unrealistic and exaggerated approach. There were also an increased in appreciation and imitation of Greek and Roman literature, art, and architecture which known to be the classicism style. Both the Baroque and Classicism movement brought about some of the greatest artist and works of art in the art history, especially in painting. Among them are: The Calling of St. Mathew by Italian painter Caraggavio, The Elevation of the Cross by the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens, The Funeral of Phocion by French artist Nicolas Poussin. The Calling of St. Mathew was one of the famous works of Caravaggio in Baroque style. It tells the story of the summoning of Levi (St. Mathew’s name before he was converted) to become one of the Disciples of Christ. In the painting, Levi was counting on his tax collection with his four assistance. Surprised by the intrusion and perhaps dazzled by the sudden light from the just-opened door, Levi draws back and gestures toward himself with his left hand as if to say, "Who, me?", his right hand remaining on the coin he had been counting before Christ's entrance. It utilizes the fundamentally static medium of painting to convey characteristic human indecision after a challenge or command and before reaction.(Caravaggio). The dark and urgent nature of his paintings at this time must have reflected Caravaggio's desperate state of mind. Orphaned at age 11, he had many encounters with the law during his stay in Rome. He was imprisoned for several assaults and for killing an oppo nent after a disputed score in a game of court tennis( Caravaggio). Despite His bad reputation, he was to be co... Free Essays on Comparason Of Art from 1600 AD Free Essays on Comparason Of Art from 1600 AD Comparison of the 3 Great Works of Art from 1600 AD The period 1600AD saw the emergence of a new art style, the Baroque, which became as one of the greatest style in art history. It focuses on more realistic and emotionally charged themes and a good alternative to earlier mannerism style which uses unrealistic and exaggerated approach. There were also an increased in appreciation and imitation of Greek and Roman literature, art, and architecture which known to be the classicism style. Both the Baroque and Classicism movement brought about some of the greatest artist and works of art in the art history, especially in painting. Among them are: The Calling of St. Mathew by Italian painter Caraggavio, The Elevation of the Cross by the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens, The Funeral of Phocion by French artist Nicolas Poussin. The Calling of St. Mathew was one of the famous works of Caravaggio in Baroque style. It tells the story of the summoning of Levi (St. Mathew’s name before he was converted) to become one of the Disciples of Christ. In the painting, Levi was counting on his tax collection with his four assistance. Surprised by the intrusion and perhaps dazzled by the sudden light from the just-opened door, Levi draws back and gestures toward himself with his left hand as if to say, "Who, me?", his right hand remaining on the coin he had been counting before Christ's entrance. It utilizes the fundamentally static medium of painting to convey characteristic human indecision after a challenge or command and before reaction.(Caravaggio). The dark and urgent nature of his paintings at this time must have reflected Caravaggio's desperate state of mind. Orphaned at age 11, he had many encounters with the law during his stay in Rome. He was imprisoned for several assaults and for killing an oppo nent after a disputed score in a game of court tennis( Caravaggio). Despite His bad reputation, he was to be co...